Toulouse
Prefecture and commune in Occitania, France / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Toulouse (/tuːˈluːz/ too-LOOZ,[7] French: [tuluz] ⓘ; Occitan: Tolosa [tuˈluzɔ]) is the prefecture of the French department of Haute-Garonne and of the larger region of Occitania. The city is on the banks of the River Garonne, 150 kilometres (93 miles) from the Mediterranean Sea, 230 km (143 mi) from the Atlantic Ocean and 680 km (420 mi) from Paris. It is the fourth-largest city in France after Paris, Marseille and Lyon, with 500,000 inhabitants within its municipal boundaries (2020 census);[8] its metropolitan area has a population of 1,5 million inhabitants (2020 census).[6] Toulouse is the central city of one of the 22 metropolitan councils of France. Between the 2014 and 2020 censuses, its metropolitan area was the third fastest growing among metropolitan areas larger than 500,000 inhabitants in France.[9]
Toulouse
Tolosa (Occitan) | |
|---|---|
Prefecture and commune | |
       View of Old Toulouse, Ariane 5 (Cité de l'espace), Basilica of Saint-Sernin, Place du Capitole, the first Airbus A380, Musée des Augustins, Hôtel d'Assézat, Church of the Jacobins | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
| Motto(s): | |
Location of Toulouse  | |
  Toulouse  Toulouse | |
| Coordinates: 43°36′16″N 1°26′38″E | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Occitania |
| Department | Haute-Garonne |
| Arrondissement | Toulouse |
| Canton | (11 cantons) Toulouse-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 |
| Intercommunality | Toulouse Métropole |
| Government | |
| • Mayor (2020–2026) | Jean-Luc Moudenc[1] (LR) |
| Area 1 | 118.3 km2 (45.7 sq mi) |
| • Urban (2020[2]) | 957.5 km2 (369.7 sq mi) |
| • Metro (2020[3]) | 6,520.2 km2 (2,517.5 sq mi) |
| Population | 498,003 |
| • Rank | 4th in France |
| • Density | 4,200/km2 (11,000/sq mi) |
| • Urban (Jan. 2020[5]) | 1,047,829 |
| • Urban density | 1,100/km2 (2,800/sq mi) |
| • Metro (Jan. 2020[6]) | 1,470,899 |
| • Metro density | 230/km2 (580/sq mi) |
| Demonym(s) | English: Toulousian French: Toulousain(e) Occitan: tolosenc(a) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 31555 / |
| Website | www |
| 1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |
Toulouse is the centre of the European aerospace industry, with the headquarters of Airbus, the SPOT satellite system, ATR and the Aerospace Valley. It hosts the CNES's Toulouse Space Centre (CST) which is the largest national space centre in Europe, but also, on the military side, the newly created NATO space centre of excellence and the French Space Command and Space Academy.[10][11] Thales Alenia Space, ATR, SAFRAN, Liebherr-Aerospace and Airbus Defence and Space also have a significant presence in Toulouse.
The air route between Toulouse–Blagnac and the Parisian airports is the busiest in France, transporting 3.2 million passengers in 2019.[12] According to the rankings of L'Express and Challenges, Toulouse is the most dynamic French city.[13][14][15]
Founded by the Romans, the city was the capital of the Visigothic Kingdom in the 5th century and the capital of the province of Languedoc in the Late Middle Ages and early modern period (provinces were abolished during the French Revolution), making it the unofficial capital of the cultural region of Occitania (Southern France). It is now the capital of the region of Occitania, the second largest region in Metropolitan France.
The University of Toulouse is one of the oldest in Europe (founded in 1229). Toulouse is also the home of prestigious higher education schools, notably in the field of aerospace engineering. Together with the university, they have turned Toulouse into the fourth-largest student city in France, with a university population of nearly 140,000 students.[16]
Toulouse counts three UNESCO World Heritage Sites: the Canal du Midi (designated in 1996 and shared with other cities), and the Basilica of St. Sernin, the largest remaining Romanesque building in Europe,[17] designated in 1998 along with the former hospital Hôtel-Dieu Saint-Jacques because of their significance to the Santiago de Compostela pilgrimage route. The city's unique architecture made of pinkish terracotta bricks has earned Toulouse the nickname La Ville rose ("The Pink city").[18][19]