Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats

The Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D)[1] is the political group in the European Parliament of the Party of European Socialists (PES).[14] The Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats was officially founded as a Socialist Group on 29 June 1953 which makes it the second oldest political group in the European Parliament after Renew Europe (Renew). It adopted its present-day name on 23 June 2009.[15] Centre-left in orientation,[16] the group mostly comprises social-democratic parties and is affiliated with the Progressive Alliance and Socialist International.

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Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats
European Parliament group
Name	Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats
English abbr.	S&D[1] (23 June 2009 – present) Older: PES[2] (21 April 1993[3] – 22 June 2009) SOC[2] (1958[4] – 21 April 1993)[3] S[5] (23 June 1953[3] – 1958)[4]
French abbr.	S&D[6] (23 June 2009 – present) Older: PSE[7] (21 April 1993 – 22 June 2009) SOC[2] (1958 – 21 April 1993) S[5] (23 June 1953 – 1958)
Formal name	Group of the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats in the European Parliament[1] (23 June 2009 – present) Older: Socialist Group in the European Parliament[7][8] (20 July 2004[3] – 23 June 2009) Group of the Party of European Socialists[5][9] (21 April 1993[3] – 20 July 2004)[3] Socialist Group[4][10] (1958[4] – 21 April 1993)[3] Group of the Socialists[5] (23 June 1953[3] – 1958)[4]
Ideology	Social democracy[11][12] Progressivism Pro-Europeanism
Political position	Centre-left[13]
European parties	PES
Associated organisations	Progressive Alliance Socialist International
From	23 June 1953[3]
To	Present
Chaired by	Iratxe García
MEP(s)	143 / 705
Website	socialistsanddemocrats.eu

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Until the 1999 European Parliament elections, it was the largest group in the Parliament, but since then it has always been the second-largest group. During the eighth EU Parliament Assembly, the S&D was the only Parliament group with representation from all 27 EU member states. In the current EU Parliament the S&D is currently composed of 143 members from 25 member states.

In the European Council, 8 out of 27 heads of state and government belong to PES parties and in the European Commission, 8 out of 27 Commissioners come from PES parties.