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Pact of Steel

Military alliance between fascist Italy and Nazi Germany during World War II / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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The Pact of Steel (German: Stahlpakt, Italian: Patto d'Acciaio), formally known as the Pact of Friendship and Alliance between Germany and Italy, was a military and political alliance between Italy and Germany.

Quick facts: Pact of Friendship and Alliance between Germa... ▼
Pact of Steel
Pact of Friendship and Alliance between Germany and Italy
Patto-acciaio.jpg
Galeazzo Ciano, Adolf Hitler and Joachim von Ribbentrop at the signing of the Pact of Steel in the Reichskanzlei in Berlin
TypeMilitary-political
Signed22 May 1939
LocationBerlin, Germany
Expiration1949 (effectively in 1943)
SignatoriesFlag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg Joachim von Ribbentrop
Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg Galeazzo Ciano
Parties
LanguagesGerman, Italian
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Events leading to World War II
  1. Revolutions of 1917–1923
  2. Aftermath of World War I 1918–1939
  3. Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War 1918–1925
  4. Province of the Sudetenland 1918–1920
  5. 1918–1920 unrest in Split
  6. Soviet westward offensive of 1918–1919
  7. Heimosodat 1918–1922
  8. Austro-Slovene conflict in Carinthia 1918–1919
  9. Hungarian–Romanian War 1918–1919
  10. Hungarian–Czechoslovak War 1918–1919
  11. 1919 Egyptian Revolution
  12. Christmas Uprising 1919
  13. Irish War of Independence 1919
  14. Comintern World Congresses 1919–1935
  15. Treaty of Versailles 1919
  16. Shandong Problem 1919–1922
  17. Polish–Soviet War 1919–1921
  18. Polish–Czechoslovak War 1919
  19. Polish–Lithuanian War 1919–1920
  20. Silesian Uprisings 1919–1921
  21. Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye 1919
  22. Turkish War of Independence 1919–1923
  23. Venizelos–Tittoni agreement 1919
  24. Italian Regency of Carnaro 1919–1920
  25. Iraqi Revolt 1920
  26. Treaty of Trianon 1920
  27. Vlora War 1920
  28. Treaty of Rapallo 1920
  29. Little Entente 1920–1938
  30. Treaty of Tartu (Finland–Russia) 1920–1938
  31. Mongolian Revolution of 1921
  32. Soviet intervention in Mongolia 1921–1924
  33. Uprising in West Hungary 1921-1922
  34. Franco-Polish alliance 1921–1940
  35. Polish–Romanian alliance 1921–1939
  36. Genoa Conference (1922)
  37. Treaty of Rapallo (1922)
  38. March on Rome 1922
  39. Sun–Joffe Manifesto 1923
  40. Corfu incident 1923
  41. Occupation of the Ruhr 1923–1925
  42. Treaty of Lausanne 1923–1924
  43. Mein Kampf 1925
  44. Second Italo-Senussi War 1923–1932
  45. First United Front 1923–1927
  46. Dawes Plan 1924
  47. Treaty of Rome (1924)
  48. Soviet–Japanese Basic Convention 1925
  49. German–Polish customs war 1925–1934
  50. Treaty of Nettuno 1925
  51. Locarno Treaties 1925
  52. Anti-Fengtian War 1925–1926
  53. Treaty of Berlin (1926)
  54. May Coup (Poland) 1926
  55. Northern Expedition 1926–1928
  56. Nanking incident of 1927
  57. Chinese Civil War 1927–1937
  58. Jinan incident 1928
  59. Huanggutun incident 1928
  60. Italo-Ethiopian Treaty of 1928
  61. Chinese reunification 1928
  62. Lateran Treaty 1928
  63. Central Plains War 1929–1930
  64. Young Plan 1929
  65. Sino-Soviet conflict (1929)
  66. Great Depression 1929
  67. London Naval Treaty 1930
  68. Kumul Rebellion 1931–1934
  69. Japanese invasion of Manchuria 1931
  70. Pacification of Manchukuo 1931–1942
  71. January 28 incident 1932
  72. Soviet–Japanese border conflicts 1932–1939
  73. Geneva Conference 1932–1934
  74. May 15 incident 1932
  75. Lausanne Conference of 1932
  76. Soviet–Polish Non-Aggression Pact 1932
  77. Soviet–Finnish Non-Aggression Pact 1932
  78. Proclamation of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 1932
  79. Defense of the Great Wall 1933
  80. Battle of Rehe 1933
  81. Nazis' rise to power in Germany 1933
  82. Reichskonkordat 1933
  83. Tanggu Truce 1933
  84. Italo-Soviet Pact 1933
  85. Inner Mongolian Campaign 1933–1936
  86. Austrian Civil War 1934
  87. Balkan Pact 1934–1940
  88. July Putsch 1934
  89. German–Polish declaration of non-aggression 1934–1939
  90. Baltic Entente 1934–1939
  91. 1934 Montreux Fascist conference
  92. Stresa Front 1935
  93. Franco-Soviet Treaty of Mutual Assistance 1935
  94. Soviet–Czechoslovakia Treaty of Mutual Assistance 1935
  95. He–Umezu Agreement 1935
  96. Anglo-German Naval Agreement 1935
  97. December 9th Movement
  98. Second Italo-Ethiopian War 1935–1936
  99. February 26 incident 1936
  100. Remilitarization of the Rhineland 1936
  101. Soviet-Mongolian alliance 1936
  102. Spanish Civil War 1936–1939
  103. Anglo-Egyptian treaty of 1936
  104. Italo-German "Axis" protocol 1936
  105. Anti-Comintern Pact 1936
  106. Suiyuan campaign 1936
  107. Xi'an Incident 1936
  108. Second Sino-Japanese War 1937–1945
  109. USS Panay incident 1937
  110. Anschluss Mar. 1938
  111. 1938 Polish ultimatum to Lithuania Mar. 1938
  112. Easter Accords April 1938
  113. May Crisis May 1938
  114. Battle of Lake Khasan July–Aug. 1938
  115. Salonika Agreement July 1938
  116. Bled Agreement Aug. 1938
  117. Undeclared German–Czechoslovak War Sep. 1938
  118. Munich Agreement Sep. 1938
  119. First Vienna Award Nov. 1938
  120. German occupation of Czechoslovakia Mar. 1939
  121. Hungarian invasion of Carpatho-Ukraine Mar. 1939
  122. German ultimatum to Lithuania Mar. 1939
  123. Slovak–Hungarian War Mar. 1939
  124. Final offensive of the Spanish Civil War Mar.–Apr. 1939
  125. Danzig crisis Mar.–Aug. 1939
  126. British guarantee to Poland Mar. 1939
  127. Italian invasion of Albania Apr. 1939
  128. Soviet–British–French Moscow negotiations Apr.–Aug. 1939
  129. Pact of Steel May 1939
  130. Battles of Khalkhin Gol May–Sep. 1939
  131. Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact Aug. 1939
  132. Invasion of Poland Sep. 1939

The pact was initially drafted as a tripartite military alliance between Japan, Italy and Germany. While Japan wanted the focus of the pact to be aimed at the Soviet Union, Italy and Germany wanted the focus of it to be aimed at the British Empire and France. Due to this disagreement, the pact was signed without Japan and as a result, it became an agreement which only existed between Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany, signed on 22 May 1939 by foreign ministers Galeazzo Ciano of Italy and Joachim von Ribbentrop of Germany.

The pact consisted of two parts. The first section was an open declaration of continuing trust and co-operation between Germany and Italy. The second section, the "Secret Supplementary Protocol", encouraged a union of policies concerning the military and the economy.[1]