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Morocco
Country in North Africa / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Morocco (/məˈrɒkoʊ/ ⓘ),[note 4] officially the Kingdom of Morocco,[note 5] is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to the east, and the disputed territory of Western Sahara to the south. Morocco also claims the Spanish exclaves of Ceuta, Melilla and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera, and several small Spanish-controlled islands off its coast.[16] It spans an area of 446,300 km2 (172,300 sq mi)[17] or 710,850 km2 (274,460 sq mi),[b] with a population of roughly 37 million. Its official and predominant religion is Islam, and the official languages are Arabic and Berber; French and the Moroccan dialect of Arabic are also widely spoken. Moroccan identity and culture is a mix of Arab, Berber, African and European cultures. Its capital is Rabat, while its largest city is Casablanca.[18]
Kingdom of Morocco
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| Motto: الله، الوطن، الملك (Arabic) ⴰⴽⵓⵛ, ⴰⵎⵓⵔ, ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ (Standard Moroccan Tamazight) | |
| Anthem: النشيد الوطني (Arabic) ⵉⵣⵍⵉ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ (Standard Moroccan Tamazight) "National Anthem" | |
.svg) Location of Morocco in northwest Africa Dark green: Undisputed territory of Morocco Lighter green: Western Sahara, a territory claimed and occupied mostly by Morocco as its Southern Provinces[note 2] | |
| Capital | Rabat 34°02′N 6°51′W |
| Largest city | Casablanca 33°32′N 7°35′W |
| Official languages | |
| Spoken languages | |
| Foreign languages | |
| Ethnic groups (2012)[6] | |
| Religion | |
| Demonym(s) | Moroccan |
| Government | Unitary parliamentary semi-constitutional monarchy[8] |
• King | Mohammed VI |
| Aziz Akhannouch | |
| Legislature | Parliament |
| House of Councillors | |
| House of Representatives | |
| Establishment | |
| 788 | |
• 'Alawi dynasty (current dynasty) | 1631 |
| 30 March 1912 | |
| 7 April 1956 | |
| Area | |
• Total | 446,300 km2 (172,300 sq mi) or 710,850 km2 (274,460 sq mi)[a] (39th or 57th) |
• Water (%) | 0.056 (250 km2) |
| Population | |
• 2022 estimate | 37,984,655[9] (39th) |
• 2014 census | 33,848,242[10] |
• Density | 50.0/km2 (129.5/sq mi) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2022 estimate |
• Total |  $359.671 billion[11] (55th) |
• Per capita | $9,808[11] (122nd) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2022 estimate |
• Total | $142.874 billion[11] (60th) |
• Per capita | $3,896[11] (123rd) |
| Gini (2015) | 40.3[12] medium |
| HDI (2021) | 0.683[13] medium · 123rd |
| Currency | Moroccan dirham (MAD) |
| Time zone | UTC+1[14] UTC+0 (during Ramadan)[15] |
| Driving side | right |
| Calling code | +212 |
| ISO 3166 code | MA |
| Internet TLD | .ma المغرب. |
Website maroc.ma | |
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The region constituting Morocco has been inhabited since the Paleolithic era over 300,000 years ago, and the first Moroccan state was established by Idris I in 788. It was subsequently ruled by a series of independent dynasties, reaching its zenith as a regional power in the 11th and 12th centuries, under the Almoravid and Almohad dynasties, when it controlled most of the Iberian Peninsula and the Maghreb.[19] Centuries of Arab migration to the Maghreb since the 7th century shifted the demographic scope of Morocco. In the 15th and 16th centuries, Morocco faced external threats to its sovereignty, with Portugal seizing some territory and the Ottoman Empire encroaching from the east. The Marinid and Saadi dynasties otherwise resisted foreign domination, and Morocco was the only North African nation to escape Ottoman dominion. The 'Alawi dynasty, which rules the country to this day, seized power in 1631, and over the next two centuries expanded diplomatic and commercial relations with the Western world. Morocco's strategic location near the mouth of the Mediterranean drew renewed European interest; in 1912, France and Spain divided the country into respective protectorates, reserving an international zone in Tangier. Following intermittent riots and revolts against colonial rule, in 1956, Morocco regained its independence and reunified.
Since independence, Morocco has remained relatively stable. It has the fifth-largest economy in Africa and wields significant influence in both Africa and the Arab world; it is considered a middle power in global affairs and holds membership in the Arab League, the Arab Maghreb Union, the Union for the Mediterranean, and the African Union.[20] Morocco is a unitary semi-constitutional monarchy with an elected parliament. The executive branch is led by the King of Morocco and the prime minister, while legislative power is vested in the two chambers of parliament: the House of Representatives and the House of Councillors. Judicial power rests with the Constitutional Court, which may review the validity of laws, elections, and referendums.[21] The king holds vast executive and legislative powers, especially over the military, foreign policy and religious affairs; he can issue decrees called dahirs, which have the force of law, and can also dissolve the parliament after consulting the prime minister and the president of the constitutional court.
Morocco claims ownership of the non-self-governing territory of Western Sahara, which it has designated its Southern Provinces. In 1975, after Spain agreed to decolonise the territory and cede its control to Morocco and Mauritania, a guerrilla war broke out between those powers and some of the local inhabitants. In 1979, Mauritania relinquished its claim to the area, but the war continued to rage. In 1991, a ceasefire agreement was reached, but the issue of sovereignty remained unresolved. Today, Morocco occupies two-thirds of the territory, and efforts to resolve the dispute have thus far failed to break the political deadlock.