Luxembourg
Country in Western Europe / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Luxembourg (/ˈlʌksəmbɜːrɡ/ ⓘ LUK-səm-burg;[9] Luxembourgish: Lëtzebuerg [ˈlətsəbuəɕ] ⓘ; French: Luxembourg [lyksɑ̃buʁ]; German: Luxemburg [ˈlʊksm̩bʊʁk]), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg,[lower-alpha 2] is a small landlocked country in Western Europe. It borders Belgium to the west and north, Germany to the east, and France to the south. Its capital and most populous city, Luxembourg,[10] is one of the four institutional seats of the European Union (together with Brussels, Frankfurt, and Strasbourg) and the seat of several EU institutions, notably the Court of Justice of the European Union, the highest judicial authority.[11][12] Luxembourg's culture, people, and languages are highly intertwined with its French and German neighbors; while Luxembourgish is the only national language of the Luxembourgish people and of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg,[13][14] French is the only language for legislation, and all three – Luxembourgish, French and German – are used for administrative matters in the country.[13]
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
| |
|---|---|
| Motto: "Mir wëlle bleiwe wat mir sinn" "We want to remain what we are" | |
| Anthem: "Ons Heemecht" ("Our Homeland") | |
 | |
| Capital and largest city | Luxembourg City[1] 49°48′52″N 06°07′54″E |
| Official languages | National language: Luxembourgish Administrative languages: Luxembourgish French German |
| Nationality (2023) |
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| Religion (2023[2]) |
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| Demonym(s) | |
| Government | Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy |
| Henri | |
| Xavier Bettel | |
| Legislature | Chamber of Deputies |
| Independence | |
| 15 March 1815 | |
• Independence in personal Union with the Netherlands (Treaty of London) | 19 April 1839 |
• Reaffirmation of Independence Treaty of London | 11 May 1867 |
| 23 November 1890 | |
| 1 August 1914 | |
• Liberation from the Greater German Reich | 1944/1945 |
• Admitted to the United Nations | 24 October 1945 |
| 1 January 1958 | |
| Area | |
• Total | 2,586.4 km2 (998.6 sq mi) (168th) |
• Water (%) | 0.23 (2015)[3] |
| Population | |
• January 2023 estimate |  660,809[4] (163rd) |
• 2021 census | 643,941 [5] |
• Density | 255/km2 (660.4/sq mi) (58th) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2023 estimate |
• Total |  $90.532 billion[6] (98th) |
• Per capita | $137,002[6] (3rd) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2023 estimate |
• Total | $86.898 billion[6] (71st) |
• Per capita | $131,503[6] (1st) |
| Gini (2019) |  32.3[7]medium |
| HDI (2021) | 0.930[8] very high · 17th |
| Currency | Euro (€) (EUR) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| UTC+2 (CEST) | |
| Note: Although Luxembourg is located in Western European Time/UTC (Z) zone, since 1 June 1904, LMT (UTC+0:24:36) was abandoned and Central European Time/UTC+1 was adopted as standard time, with a +0:35:24 offset (+1:35:24 during DST) from Luxembourg City's LMT. | |
| Date format | dd.mm.yyyy |
| Driving side | right |
| Calling code | +352 |
| ISO 3166 code | LU |
| Internet TLD | .lub |
| |
With an area of 2,586 square kilometers (998 sq mi), Luxembourg is one of the smallest countries in Europe.[15] In 2023, it had a population of 660,809, which makes it one of the least-populated countries in Europe,[16] albeit with the highest population growth rate;[17] foreigners account for nearly half the population.[18] Luxembourg is a representative democracy headed by a constitutional monarch, Grand Duke Henri, making it the world's only remaining sovereign grand duchy.
Luxembourg is a developed country with an advanced economy and one of the world's highest GDP (PPP) per capita as per IMF and World Bank estimates. The nation's levels of human development and LGBT equality are ranked among the highest in Europe.[19][8] The city of Luxembourg was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994 due to the exceptional preservation of its vast fortifications and historic quarters.[20] Luxembourg is a founding member of the European Union,[21] OECD, the United Nations, NATO, and the Benelux.[22][23] It served on the United Nations Security Council for the first time in 2013 and 2014.[24]