François Hollande
President of France from 2012 to 2017 / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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François Gérard Georges Nicolas Hollande (French: [fʁɑ̃swa ʒeʁaʁ ʒɔʁʒ nikɔla ɔlɑ̃d] ⓘ; born 12 August 1954) is a French politician who served as President of France from 2012 to 2017. Prior to his presidency, he was First Secretary of the Socialist Party (PS) from 1997 to 2008, Mayor of Tulle from 2001 to 2008, as well as President of the General Council of Corrèze from 2008 to 2012. Hollande also held the 1st constituency of Corrèze seat in the National Assembly twice, from 1988 to 1993 and again from 1997 until 2012.
François Hollande | |
|---|---|
_(cropped_2).jpg) Official portrait, 2017 | |
| 24th President of France | |
| In office 15 May 2012 – 14 May 2017 | |
| Prime Minister | Jean-Marc Ayrault Manuel Valls Bernard Cazeneuve |
| Preceded by | Nicolas Sarkozy |
| Succeeded by | Emmanuel Macron |
| President of the General Council of Corrèze | |
| In office 20 March 2008 – 15 May 2012 | |
| Preceded by | Jean-Pierre Dupont |
| Succeeded by | Gérard Bonnet |
| First Secretary of the Socialist Party | |
| In office 27 November 1997 – 27 November 2008 | |
| Preceded by | Lionel Jospin |
| Succeeded by | Martine Aubry |
| Mayor of Tulle | |
| In office 17 March 2001 – 17 March 2008 | |
| Preceded by | Raymond-Max Aubert |
| Succeeded by | Bernard Combes |
| Member of the National Assembly for Corrèze's 1st constituency | |
| In office 12 June 1997 – 14 May 2012 | |
| Preceded by | Lucien Renaudie |
| Succeeded by | Sophie Dessus |
| In office 23 June 1988 – 1 April 1993 | |
| Preceded by | Constituency re-established |
| Succeeded by | Raymond-Max Aubert |
| Member of the European Parliament | |
| In office 20 July 1999 – 17 December 1999 | |
| Constituency | France |
| Personal details | |
| Born | François Gérard Georges Nicolas Hollande (1954-08-12) 12 August 1954 (age 69) Rouen, France |
| Political party | Socialist Party |
| Spouse | |
| Domestic partners |
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| Children | 4 |
| Alma mater | Panthéon-Assas University HEC Paris Sciences Po Paris École nationale d'administration |
| Signature |  |
| Military service | |
| Branch/service |  French Army |
Born in Rouen and raised in Neuilly-sur-Seine, Hollande began his political career as a special advisor to newly elected President François Mitterrand, before serving as a staffer for Max Gallo, the government's spokesman. He became a member of the National Assembly in 1988 and was elected First Secretary of the PS in 1997. Following the 2004 regional elections won by the PS, Hollande was cited as a potential presidential candidate, but he resigned as First Secretary and was immediately elected to replace Jean-Pierre Dupont as President of the General Council of Corrèze in 2008. In 2011, Hollande announced that he would be a candidate in the primary election to select the PS presidential nominee; he won the nomination against Martine Aubry, before he was elected to the presidency and ex officio Co-Prince of Andorra on 6 May 2012 in the second round with 51.6% of the vote, defeating incumbent Nicolas Sarkozy.
During his tenure, Hollande legalized same-sex marriage by passing Bill no. 344, reformed labour laws and credit training programmes, signed a law restricting the cumul des mandats, withdrew French forces in Afghanistan,[1][2] in addition to concluding an EU directive on the protection of animals in laboratory research through a Franco-German contract. Hollande led the country through the January and November 2015 Paris attacks, as well as the 2016 Nice attack. He was a leading proponent of EU mandatory migrant quotas and NATO's 2011 military intervention in Libya. He also sent troops to Mali and the Central African Republic with the approval of the UN Security Council in order to stabilise those countries, two operations however largely seen as failures. He drew controversy among his left-wing electoral base for supporting the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen.[3][4][5]
Paris hosted the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference; Hollande's efforts to attract the 2024 Summer Olympics to the city were successful. Notwithstanding, with unemployment up to 10% and domestic troubles over the course of his tenure,[6] in particular due to Islamic terrorism, he faced spikes and downturns in approval rates, ultimately making him the most unpopular head of state under the Fifth Republic.[7][8] On 1 December 2016, he announced he would not seek reelection in the 2017 presidential election, for which polls suggested his defeat in the first round.